How to choose a 3D printer
3D printer technology has seen enormous developments in recent years, with a wide selection of different models now available. Before buying a 3D printer, it's necessary to acquaint yourself with the different types on the market and what they can offer.
Frequently asked questions about 3D printers
What are 3D printers used for?
3D printers are used mainly for making 3D models from computer-based designs. The basic principle is fairly simple: a model is sent to the printer by a computer; the printer then recreates the model step by step in horizontal layers using molten plastic.
How much do 3D printers cost?
As always, it depends on the features. Basic printers used for 3D models and prototypes are more affordable, while printers that can sculpt larger and more complex models are significantly more expensive.
Who are 3D printers designed for?
The time when 3D printers were used only by true tech enthusiasts is history. Today, 3D printers are widely used by designers and architects to create prototypes and scale models. 3D printers can also be found in schools and universities.
Important parameters
Materials
The printing material used is generally ASB or PLS, which is supplied in 1.75 or 3 mm thick fibres. ABS is more suitable for smaller projects because the thermal expansion of the material can cause twisting, which can lead to larger models becoming deformed. PLA, on the other hand, is eay to use and biodegradable, but its mechanical properties remain only up to temperatures of about 60 °C. .
Resolution
The resolution is indicated horizontally and vertically (in tenths of a millimeter). The horizontal resolution refers to the X and Y axes, while the vertical resolution refers to the Z axis. Each value is the minimum thickness of a layer. We currently recommend a horizontal resolution of less than 0.1 mm and a vertical resolution of less than 0.2 mm. The finer the layers that the printer can handle, the greater the detail of the printed object; however, finer layers also result in longer printing times. Complex models also require different support structures, which means additional work for the printer. Printing large objects in high quality can take a whole day.
Speed
The printing speed depends not only on the parameters of the printer, but also the complexity of the object being printed and the type of material used. The speed is expressed in millimeters per second. A printing speed of at least 40 mm/s is ideal.
Base
The base is used to secure the model. To allow the first layer to better grip the the base when printing, the surface of the base should be roughened. Some printers can also form a wide substructure, which is then detached from the model during the last phase. The substructure also prevents rapid cooling, which leads to deformation at the edges. A heated base can also fulfill this purpose.
Glossary - 3D Printer
Nozzle
This 3D printer component melts the material and then adjusts it to the required thickness. Temperatures in the nozzle are typically around 250-260 °C. Most consumer models are equipped with only one nozzle. More expensive models feature two nozzles, enabling colour printing.
FDM vs. SLA
These are the two main printing technologies. SLA is used instead of a laser nozzle, but is currently in decline in favour of FDM, which operates with a nozzle.
Virtual Reality Modeling Language
So-called VRML is a standard file format for 3-dimensional vector graphics and is used for creating web graphics as well as for printing 3D colour models.
Print area
The print area is usually expressed in millimeters in three axes. The last of these refers to the height. All three measurements are often similar or identical. Printers designed for household use should have a print area measuring at least 100 x 100 x 100.