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Sensor size

Sensor size refers to the physical dimensions of the chip inside a camera that captures light and creates an image. Generally, the larger the sensor's surface area, the more light it can capture. This results in better image quality in poor lighting conditions, with less digital noise. Digital noise is a visual disturbance resembling grain in old photographs. Sensor size also affects the depth of field. Larger sensors make it easier to achieve a shallow depth of field, an effect where the main subject is sharp and the background is blurred. Smaller sensors cause the so-called "crop factor". This means they only use the central part of the image projected by the lens, thus narrowing the field of view. A 50mm focal length lens on a camera with a smaller sensor will appear to have a longer focal length, such as 75mm. Common sizes include full-frame (corresponding to a 35mm film frame), smaller APS-C, and Micro Four Thirds. Compact cameras and mobile phones use significantly smaller sensors.

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