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Compass

The compass, often referred to as a magnetometer in drones, is a sensor that measures the Earth's magnetic field. Based on these measurements, it determines the direction in which the drone is facing, i.e., its orientation relative to the cardinal directions. This directional information, technically known as heading or yaw, is crucial for the control unit. It enables the unit to correctly execute pilot commands, such as flying straight forward, and is essential for the operation of automatic flight modes, like return to home. Because the sensor is sensitive to magnetic interference, its function can be affected by the proximity of large metal objects, power lines, or reinforced concrete structures. For this reason, it is often necessary to perform a calibration before flying in a new location, during which the drone is rotated so that the sensor can accurately map the local magnetic field.

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