Testing on COVID-19
There are 2 reliable methods for testing for infection.
The PCR test method is based on the identification of a pathogen based on the presence of pathogen DNA or RNA in a patient sample. It is often possible to detect a pathogen before the level of antibodies in the body rises. This method requires professional staff, specific laboratory equipment, adherence to the temperature chain and therefore cannot be practiced at home. These are tests used by medical professionals.
Another method is serological testing for antibodies. Antibodies are part of the immune system. They are immunoglobulin proteins that help protect against microscopic pathogens, including viruses. Each antibody produced is uniquely engineered to recognize a specific structure on the surface of the pathogen. This structure is called the “antigen“ and is the structure that causes the production of antibodies, which then bind to the antigen and thus neutralize, damage and kill it (combining the antibody and antigen creates a so-called immunocomplex that mobilizes the immune system).
Thus, this method does not look for the pathogen itself, but “only“ the antibodies that the body produces as a defense against the pathogen. The principle of this test is based on the fact that COVID-19 activates IgM and IgG antibodies in the body, which in combination with the COVID-19 antigen are specific for SARS-1, SARS-2 = COVID-19 and MERS. An example of such a test is:
SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Test Kit, antigen detection kit (Colloidal Gold)
The advantage of this examination is easy availability, low price, the possibility of performing the test at home in a few minutes. Accuracy depends on the amount of antibody production in the body, which is highly individual and dependent on health, age, sex, overall immunity and other factors, such as e. g. weight. The infected organism responds to the pathogen by an immune reaction, in particular by initiating the production of antibodies and raising the temperature.